Environmental Agreement For ECAs at The OECD Threatened by German Government Obstructionism
17 September 2001
LETTER TO GERMANY’S CHANCELLOR SCHROEDER
BACKGROUND:
Negotiations have continued for more than two years at the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) for an environmental agreement for Export Credit and Investment Insurance Agencies (ECAs). These negotiations represent an important first step toward binding, stringent, internationally accepted and common social, environmental and human rights standards for ECAs. ECAs are the world’s largest sources of public finance for destructive large-scale infrastructure projects in low income countries. They are responsible for more than half of all official low income country debt. It appears imminent that the negotiations will collapse with no agreement reached. Germany has been the main blocker of progress. NGOs actively campaigning for ECA reform asked NGOs internationally with interests in social justice, human rights and environmental justice to endorse a letter to Chancellor Schroeder calling on him to show leadership by changing Germany’s approach to the negotiations. The letter along with endorsements is below.
Monday 17 September 2001
Dear Mr Schroeder,
re: German position on negotiations for an environmental agreement for Export Credit and Investment Insurance Agencies (ECAs) at the OECD When you were elected three years ago, NGOs and citizens around the world who are concerned about the environment and human rights had high hopes that you would provide international leadership on these issues. On Export Credit and Investment Insurance Agency (ECA) reform however, the obstructionist behaviour of Germany in the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) negotiations toward an environmental agreement has been to date quite surprising and disappointing. Specifically, your government has been a consistent blockage of negotiations to achieve public disclosure of environmental impact assessments, consultation with affected communities, and adherence to minimum internationally accepted and binding standards such as those of the European Union, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the World Bank. Germany is a member of each of these bodies and supports along with other governments the exact policy safeguards that your Government is currently opposing for ECAs at the OECD. This is terribly surprising and disappointing given Germany’s domestic practice of advanced environmental diligence. Export Credit and Insurance Investment Agencies (ECAs) have become the largest sources of public finance for large and heavy impact infrastructure and industrial projects in the developing world. Many of these projects are bringing about social and environmental destruction. A few examples of these projects, financed or insured by ECAs from a number of OECD member states include:
- the Three Gorges Dam currently under construction in China which requires the displacement on 1.9 million people;
- the catastrophic Ok Tedi mine in Papua New Guinea which has destroyed the livelihoods of 30,000 people living around and downstream from the mine site and is the subject of continuing legal action;
- the risky Angra 2 nuclear power plant in Brasil which carries estimated construction costs of $US10b and is unlikely to prove economically viable over any timeframe;
- the Bolivia to Brasil ‘Cuiaba’ pipeline project that has irreversibly damaged tropical forests and disrespected the rights of indigenous peoples in favour of multinational fossil fuel corporations through an illegitimate conservation fund, and;
- Indonesian pulp and paper projects as Indah Kiat, which has caused environmental destruction through illegal logging to feed the mill and health hazards to local communities through the release of toxic effluents from the mill into local water courses.
The severe environmental and human rights impacts of these and many similar projects around the world go hand in hand with significant contributions to crippling debt levels for many low income countries. Recent negotiations at the OECD have centered around achieving the most basic internationally accepted norms for transparency and public participation in the environmental impact assessment of projects supported by ECAs. These negotiations represent a critical first step towards ECA reform internationally. It is therefore deeply troubling that the German Government is obstructing progress at the OECD on even the basic internationally accepted norms for transparency, public participation and binding environmental standards. The US’ ECAs have managed to subscribe to binding environmental standards for some time without detriment to the US economy. Other countries such as Japan are currently moving forward to increased transparency and higher environmental standards for their ECAs. Germany’s obstructionism threatens its reputation for international environmental leadership. Mr. Schroeder, we look to you to implement progressive change in the German Government’s approach on this issue. We call on you to show your leadership for environmental protection and the respect of human rights in the continuing negotiations at the OECD in the next months. Germany must participate in a more responsible way in these negotiations and support prior information disclosure, consultation with affected communities and binding environmental standards. For more information, we encourage you to contact German environment and development organisations that are active on this issue. These groups are part of a broader international campaign comprising in excess of 300 groups in more than 50 countries. The goals of this campaign are expressed in the Jakarta Declaration which is attached for your reference. More information on this campaign and progress of other ECAs around the world is available for reference at www.eca-watch.org. Yours sincerely, [your name] [your organization, country] ENDORSEMENTS: A total of 53 Organizations as of September 14, 2001!
Country (in alphabetical order) Organization Australia AID/WATCH; APEHDA – Union Aid Abroad; Australian Council For Overseas Aid; Australian Manufacturing Workers Union; Community Information Association; Jubilee Australia; Mercy Foundation; Mineral Policy Institute; SEARCH Foundation; WTO Watch Queensland Belgium FERN Canada NGO Working Group on the Export Development, Halifax Czech Republic Hnuti DUHA/Friends of the Earth Czech Republic El Salvador CESTA – Friends of the Earth El Salvador France Amis de la Terre Germany Aktionszentrum 3. Welt e.V.; Bremen Information Centre for Human Rights and Development; Bündnis LSVA für Europa; EarthLink – The People & Nature Network; ECOROPA; Gesellschaft für ökologische Forschung; IMBAS; MANDACALU Menschen leisten Widerstand; Pro REGENWALD; Rettet den Regenwald; SAFER WORLD; Society for Threatened Peoples; Urgewald; Watch Indonesia!; WEED (World Economy Ecology and Development); WWF Deutschland Haiti COHPEDA India Environment Support Group Indonesia NADI Solidaritas Perempuan Ireland VOICE (Voice of Irisch Concern for the Environment) Italy Eyes on SACE Campaign Japan Friends of Earth Japan Liechtenstein Liechtensteinische Gesellschaft für Umweltschutz Nepal APEC – Nepal Netherlands Africa Europe Network Netherlands; Both ENDS; EYFA (European Youth For(est) Action); Stichting Aarde; Workgroup Justice Peace and Integrity of Creation of the Missionaries of Africa Netherlands Norway FIVAS (Association for International Water and Forest Studies) Portugal EURONATURA Center for Environmental Law and Sustainable Development Russia Agency for Research an dProtection of Taiga; Bureau for Regional Outreach Campaigns (CROC); Buryat Regional Department on Lake Baikal; Kamchatka League of Independent Experts Switzerland Berne Declaration; Pro Natura (Friends of the Earth Switzerland); Swiss Coalition of Development Organizations Uganda Wakiwugulu Self Help Project UK The Corner House; Friends of the Earth (England, Wales and Northern Ireland) USA afforestation.org; Amazon Watch; Center for International Environmental Law; Environmental Defense; Friends of the Earth US; International Rivers Network; Pacific Environment Uzbekistan Ecocenter Biostan INTERNATIONAL ANPED The Northern Alliance for Sustainability; Friends of the Earth International
Jakarta Declaration
For Reform of Official Export Credit and Investment Insurance Agencies
Over 50 representatives of Indonesian and international non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and social movements convened in Jakarta and South Sumatra 1-7 May, 2000 for a strategy meeting on official export credit and investment insurance agencies (ECAs). They agreed on the following Declaration, endorsed by 347 NGOs from 45 countries.
Introduction
Non-governmental organizations around the world call the attention of governments and international institutions to the mounting adverse environmental, social, human rights and economic consequences of ECA activities. We have directly witnessed the unconscionable human suffering and environmental devastation that ECAs have produced in Indonesia, which is only one of many country examples. ECAs have supported many projects-e.g. in the mining, pulp and paper, oil and power sectors-which have had devastating social and environmental impacts. ECAs have supported the export of arms used for human rights abuses by the Suharto government. In 1996, ECA exposure in Indonesia was $28 billion, an amount equivalent to 24% of Indonesia’s external debt. The Indonesian ECA debt places an unacceptable burden on the Indonesian people, crippling their future development. As a 22 September 1999 “Financial Times” article pointed out, careless industrialized country export credit agencies share a major responsibility for “violence in East Timor and economic disaster in Indonesia.” Official Export Credit and Investment Insurance Agencies have become the largest source of public international finance, supporting in 1998 over eight percent of world exports. In 1998 ECAs supported $391 billion in private sector business and investment, of which $60 billion was for middle- and long-term guarantees and loans, mainly supporting large-scale project finance in developing countries. This exceeds all bilateral and multilateral development assistance combined, which has averaged some $50 billion over the past decade. ECAs account for 24 percent of all developing country debt, and 56 percent of the debt owed to official governmental agencies. In April, 1998 163 NGOs from 46 countries sent to the finance and foreign ministries of the major industrialized OECD countries a “Call of National and International Non-Governmental Agencies for the Reform of Export Credit and Investment Insurance Agencies.” The NGOs called for transparency in ECA decision making, environmental assessment and screening of ECA financial commitments, including participation of affected populations, social sustainability (equity and human rights concerns) in appraisal of ECA commitments, and for an international agreement in the OECD and/or G8 on common environmental and social standards for ECAs. Over the past two years the major industrialized countries have only made the minimal commitment to work towards common environmental approaches and guidelines in the OECD. The lack of transparency and meaningful public consultation in the OECD Working Party on Export Credits and Credit Guarantees, particularly the lack of any consultation with representatives of affected groups and organizations from non-OECD recipient countries, has rendered this process a travesty. ECAs have consistently learned no lessons from the past and continue to approve financing for environmentally and socially destructive operations. The social and environmental negligence, support for human rights violations, and lack of transparency of ECAs must come to a halt. ECA financing for major arms transactions, for obsolete technologies rejected or illegal in their home countries, and for economically unproductive investments is a scandal of global proportions.
Call for Reform
Based on the experiences of Indonesia and many other countries, NGOs from around the world reiterate the April, 1998 international Call for Reform of Export Credit and Investment Insurance Agencies. We call upon OECD governments, ministers and national legislatures to undertake with due dispatch the following reform measures for their ECAs: 1. Transparency, public access to information and consultation with civil society and affected people in both OECD and recipient countries at three levels: in the assessment of ongoing and future investments and projects supported by individual ECAs; in the preparation within national ECAs of new procedures and standards; and in the negotiation within the OECD and other fora of common approaches and guidelines. 2. Binding common environmental and social guidelines and standards no lower and less rigorous than existing international procedures and standards for public international finance such as those of the World Bank Group and OECD Development Assistance Committee. These guidelines and standards need to be coherent with other ongoing international social and environmental commitments and treaties, for example, the conventions of the International Labor Organization and the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity. In addition ECAs must conduct full, transparent accounting for climate change impacts and move to increase investments in sustainable renewable energy. So far, some governments have established, or are establishing, environmental and social policies which substantially deviate from, and are below these internationally recognized standards and guidelines. 3. The adoption of explicit human rights criteria guiding the operations of ECAs. This should be done in consultation with affected people and civil society, and based on existing regional and international human rights conventions. In Indonesia and elsewhere ECAs have not only supported arms exports directly linked to egregious human rights abuses, their support for mining, paper and pulp mills and other major infrastructure investments often has been accompanied by destruction of indigenous and local peoples’ rights to land and livelihood resources, armed suppression of dissent, and suppression of press freedom to criticize such abuses. 4. The adoption of binding criteria and guidelines to end ECAs’ abetting of corruption. According to Transparency International, the continued lack of action by ECAs to address this issue is bringing some ECA practices “close to complicity with a criminal offense.” We endorse the recommendations of Transparency International submitted to the OECD and European Union in September, 1999, on how ECAs should avoid continued complicity in corruption. These include, inter alia, recommendations that export credit applicants must state in writing that no illegal payments related to a contract were made, and that any contravention of the ban on illegal payment should entail cancellation of the state’s obligation to pay. Companies found guilty of corruption should be banned from further support for five years, and export credit agencies should not underwrite commissions as part of the contracts they support. 5. ECAs must cease financing non-productive investments. The massive ECA support for military purchases and white elephant projects, such as nuclear power plants, that would be rejected by OECD bilateral aid agencies and multilateral development agencies such as the World Bank must end. 6. The cancellation of ECA debt for the poorest countries, much of which has been incurred for economically unproductive purposes. We support the call of the Indonesian anti-debt coalition for the cancellation of Indonesian ECA obligations, now placing an insupportable burden on the Indonesian people.
Conclusion
The OECD Development Assistance Committee declared in 1996 that ” we should aim for nothing less than to assure that the entire range of relevant industrialized country policies are consistent with and do not undermine development objectives.” The OECD ECAs, and the OECD Export Credit Working Party, completely disrespect this call. These ECAs have so far refused to accept any responsibility for their past mistakes, and to draw any meaningful lessons from them. The current practices of the ECAs embody a form of corrupt, untransparent, environmentally and socially destructive globalization as serious and reprehensible as the concerns raised by civil society and activists around the world about the World Trade Organization, the proposed Multilateral Agreement on Investment, and the International Monetary Fund and World Bank. We call upon concerned citizens and organizations around the world to turn their attention to ECAs and their negotiating forum, the OECD, and to press their governments to undertake reform without further delay.
Undersigned Non-Governmental Organizations and Individuals:
AUSTRALIA: Action for World Development NSW Inc. AID/WATCH Australian Council for Overseas Aid Bougainville Freedom Movement Campaign Against Corporate Tyranny in Unity and Solidarity (CACTUS) Community Aid Abroad (Oxfam Australia) Economic Reform Australia Friends of the Earth Australia Information for Action Jubilee 2000 Australia Mineral Policy Institute Native Forest Network/Southern Hemisphere People for Nuclear Disarmament Public Interest Advocacy Centre Rainforest Information Centre TEAR Australia (Christian Action with the World’s Poor) The Bathurst Justice Group The LEAD Group Inc. Wordwit International (Australia and China) World Vision Australia (WVA) AUSTRIA: Erlaßjahr 2000 Österreich NATURFREUNDE INTERNATIONALE BANGLADESH: Like-Minded Environmental Activists Group (LMEAG) BELGIUM: Eurodad Fern International NGO Forum on Indonesian Development(INFID) BOLIVIA: Plan de Desarrollo Indigena (PDI) BRAZIL: Conselho Indigenista Missionario (Espiritu Santo) Ecoa Movimento dos Atingidos por Barragens-Brasil (MAB) Rios Vivos Coalition (America Latina/Europa/USA) CAMEROON: Partnership, Management And Support Programme CANADA: Alternatives Canadian Auto Workers Canadian Council for International Cooperation Canadian Friends of Burma Canadian Labour Congress Canadian Lawyers Association for International Human Rights Democracy Watch East Timor Alert Network Falls Brook Centre Halifax Initiative MiningWatch Canada Project Ploughshares RESULTS Canada Social Justice Committee of Montreal Society Promoting Environmental Conservation Steelworkers Humanity Fund Sweet Land Collective West Coast Environmental Law Association COSTA RICA: Asociación Latinoamericana de Organizaciones de Promoción (NGO association with 45 members in 20 countries) FoE International’s Campaign on the Environmental and Social Impacts of Mining DENMARK: Danish Association for International Co-operation FINLAND: Coalition for Environment and Development Finnish Asiatic Society Finnish Association for Nature Conservation Finnish Energy Political Association/Alternative to Nuclear Power Finnish Nature League/Forest Group FRANCE: Agir ici pour un monde solidaire Amis de la Terre Attac France Fédération Artisans du Monde France-Libertés Fondation Danielle Mitterrand HELIO INTERNATIONAL Info Birmanie L’Observatoire des Transferts d’Armements Reseau d’information sur le Tiers Monde (RITIMO) Reseau Jeunes Solidaires Survie GABON: Les Amis du Pangolin GEORGIA: Sakartvelos Mtsvaneta Mozraoba/Friends of the Earth Georgia GERMANY: Aktionszentrum 3. Welt e.V. Berliner Landesarbeitsgemeinschaft Umwelt und Entwicklung (Blue 21) EarthLink/The People & Nature Network ECOROPA Europe EURONATUR Forum Umwelt & Entwicklung IMBAS Institute of Interdisciplinary Study and Research (IfSF) Naturschutzbund Deutschland (NABU) e.V., Rettet den Regenwald e.V. Society for Threatened Peoples Umwelt-AG der Anne-Frank-Gesamtschule Urgewald Weltwirtschaft, Oekologie & Entwicklung e.V. (WEED) GUATAMALA: Maya Pedal (Guatamala and Canada) Tropico Verde HONDURAS: Comité para la Defensa y Desarrollo de la Flora y Fauna del Golfo de Fonseca (CODDEFFAGOLF) INDIA: Adivasi Mahila Manch/Indigenous Women’s Platform Bindrai Institute for Research Study & Action Environment Support Group Jharkhandis Organisation Against Radiation (JOAR) Jharkhandis Organisation for Human Rights (JOHAR) KALPAVRIKSH North and North East Mines Minerals & People South Asia Network on Dams, Rivers and People INDONESIA: Aliansi Masyarakat Adat Kalbar Aliansi Masyarakat Adat Nusantara Aliansi Perempuan Adat Nusantara Bioforum BP-Konsorsium Pembaruan Agraria debtWATCH Indonesia Elsam FOKER LSM PAPUA (Forum Kerjasama LSM Papua) FPMP-Sulsel Gabungan Anak Seni Sriwijaya Gita Pertiwi ICEL Indonesian Prosperity Trade Union Institute Dayakology Institute of Development and Economic Analysis (IDEA) Jagat-NTT JARI Indonesia Jaringan Kerja Masyarakat Adat Jaringan Organisasi Independen untuk Penguatan Rakyat(JOIPaRa) Jatam Konsorsium Pendukung Sistem Hutan Kemasyarakatan KSKP Lahat KSPPM LBH Palembang Indonesia Lembaga Advokasi Rakyat Lembaga Bela Benua Talino Lembaga Gemawan Lembaga Konsumen Hijau Lembaga Olah Hidup Lembaga Pemetaan Aset Produksi Rakyat Lembaga Pendukung dan Pemberdayaan Sosial Ekonomi Petani Karet Leskap LORIES NADI National Development Fund NGO’S CAFÉ NRM Oman Women’s Committee Palembang Legal Aid Institution PERBBUNI Persatuan Perempuan Sama/The Women’s Union For Equality PIAR/NTT Pijar Indonesia PLASMA PPSDAK/Yayasan pancur Kasih Pusat Informasi dan Komunikasi Perempuan (PIKP) Puti Jaji RMI – Institute for Forest and Environment Sahabat Persada Alam Sarekat Nelayan Sumatra Utara SEN/LPIST Serikat Demokrasi Sosial Solidamor Solidaritas Perempuan Telapak Urban Poor Consortium Wadah Pengembangan Alternatif Pesisir (WPAP) Walda Walhi Aceh Walhi Jawa Barat Walhi Jawa Timur Walhi Kalimantan Tengah Walhi Sulawesi Selatan Walhi Sulawesi Tengah Walhi Sulawesi Utara Walhi Sultra Walhi Sumatera Selatan Walhi Sumatra Utara WALHI/National Secretariat WWF Sahul Yappika Yascita Yasinta Yayasan Asri Yayasan Bantaya Yayasan Bina Potensi Desa Yayasan Gemi Nastiti Yayasan HAPSARI Perbaungan Yayasan IMPALM Yayasan KAPPALA Indonesia Yayasan Kelola Menado Yayasan Lembaga Bantuan Hukum Indonesia Yayasan Pelangi Indonesia Yayasan pengembangan Masyarakat Desa (Papua) Yayasan Peran Yayasan tahanjungan Tarung Palangkaraya YLK-Sulsel YPBB ISRAEL: GreenAction – for Social Ecological Change Israeli Association for Earthday Events ITALY: Amici della Terra Associazione Nuova Solidarieta/Bottega del Mondo di Finale Ligure Campagna per la Riforma della Banca Mondiale Centro Internazionale Crocevia Circolo di San Salvo del Partito della Rifondazione Comunista COCIS Coordinamento Lombardo Nord/Sud del Mondo GEVAM/ONLUS Operatore nella cooperazione Internazionale Partito della Rifondazione Comunista (PRC) Rete Italiana botcottaggio NestleRete Romana sul Consumo Critico Riforma mondiale della SACE Service Civil International/Branca Italiana Un Ponte per… Xaverian Missionaries (Italy and many other countries) Fausto Bertinotti (Dep. and Member of the European Parliament) PRC Ugo Boghetta (Dep.), PRC Franco Bonato (Dep.) PRC Luca Cangemi (Dep.) PRC Aurelio Crippa (Sen.) PRC Fausto Co’ (Sen.) PRC Walter De Cesaris (Dep.) PRC Giuseppe Di Lello Finuoli, Member of European Parliament PRC Franco Giordano (Dep.) PRC Maria Lenti (Dep.) PRC Giorgio Melentacchi (Dep.) PRC Ramon Mantovani (Dep.) PRC Luisa Morgantini, Member of European Parliament, PRC Maria Celeste Nardini (Dep.) PRC Edo Rossi (Dep.) PRC Giovanni Russo Spena (Sen.) PRC Tiziana Valpiana (Dep.) PRC Nicola Vendola (Dep.) PRC Luigi Vinci (Capogruppo), Member of European Parliament, PRC JAPAN: A SEED JAPAN Campaign for Future of Filipino Children (CFFC) Friends of the Earth Japan Green Energy “Law” Network Japan Center for a Sustainable Environment and Society (JACSES) Japan NGO Network on Indonesia Japan Tropical Action Network (JATAN) Mekong Watch People’s Forum 2001 Society for Creation of Future of Yoshino River KENYA: Forest Action Network Relief and Environmental Care Africa (RECA) KYRGYZSTAN: Bureau on Human Rights and Rule of Law MALAYASIA: Centre for Orang Asli Concerns (COAC). Partners of Community Organisations (PACOS). MEXICO: Grupo Mesófilo A.C. Red Mexicana de Accion frente al Libre Comercio (RMALC) Trasparencia, S.C. NETHERLANDS: Both ENDS Campagne tegen Wapenhandel Corporate Europe Observatory Friends of the Earth International Greenpeace International Komitee Indonesia The Northern Alliance for Sustainability The Transnational InstituteWorld Information Service on Energy (WISE) NEW ZEALAND: The Pacific Institute of Resource Management NIGERIA: African Network for Environmental and Economic Justice Ecowas Network on Debt and Development (ECONDAD) The Flood and Erosion Victims Association(FEVA) NORWAY: FIVAS, Association for International Water and Forest Studies Forum for Environment and Development Regnskogsfondet/Rainforest Foundation Norway PAKISTAN: Pakistan Network of Rivers, Dams, and People PAPUA NEW GUINEA: NGO Environmental Watch Group PHILIPPINES: Cordillera Peoples Alliance NUCLEAR FREE PHILIPPINES COALITION RUSSIA: Agency for Public Ecological Reviews Altai State University Ecoclub Angara-Yenisei Rescue Association ASMO-Press Association of Young Journalists of Tomsk Region Baltic Resource and Information Center Bayangol Ethno-Ecological Center Bureau for Public Regional Campaigning Buryat Regional Union for Baikal ECODEFENSE! Int’l Fund for 21st Century Altai Green Light Environmental Center ISAR-Siberia Kamchatka League of Endependent Experts Krasnoyarsk Regional Public Fund for Forest Protection Magadan Center for the Environment Public Ecological Center “Dauria” Public Ecological Charitable Fund “Baikal” Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) Center for Ecological Education Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) Public Ecological Center Republic Public Environmental Fund “Baikal” Sakhalin Environment Watch Siberian Association for NTFP Use Siberian Environmental Center Socio-Ecological Union/Antinuclear Campaign St. Petersburg Society of Naturalists Taiga Rangers Taiga Research and Protection Agency Tele-radio Company “Katun” Tomsk Ecological Student Inspection Toyeon Ecological Center Transbaikal Center for Biodiversity Conservation World Information Service on Energy Russia SLOVAKIA: Center for Environmental Public Advocacy/Friends of the Earth Slovakia SOUTH AFRICA: Alternative Information & Development Centre (AIDC) Timberwatch Coalition SWEDEN: Fältbiologerna Miljoefoerbundet Jordens Vaenner/Friends of the Earth Sweden Swedish Society for Nature Conservation Peter Söderbaum, Professor i ekonomi med inriktning på ekologiskekonomi Mälardalens högskola, Sweden SWITZERLAND: Aktion Finanzplatz Schweiz Arbeitskreis Tourismus & Entwicklung Basel Mission Berne Declaration Bruecke-Cecotret/Development Agency of Swiss Confederation of Christian Trade Unions Caritas Switzerland Green Party Switzerland Honduras Group Switzerland Netzwerk für sozial verantwortliche Wirtschaft NSW/RSE Solifonds Swiss Coalition of Development Organizations Swiss Energy Foundation Swiss Labour Assistance Swissaid TAIWAN: Taiwan Environmental Protection Union THAILAND: EarthRights International Mangrove Action Project Northern Development Foundation Towards Ecological Recovery & Regional Alliance (TERRA) Yadfon Association UGANDA: Uganda Debt Network UNITED KINGDOM: Campaign Against Arms Trade Centre For Alternative Technology (Wales) Christian Aid Down to Earth Fern/WRM Northern Office Forest Peoples Programme Forests Monitor Friends of the Earth (England, Wales and Northern Ireland) GLOBE UK All Party Parliamentary Group Green Party of England & Wales Ilisu Dam Campaign Indonesian Human Rights Campaign (TAPOL) Jubilee 2000UK Kurdish Human Rights Project Minewatch Partizans (People Against Rio Tinto and Subsidiaires) Rights and Accountability in Development (University of Oxford) The Corner House Wales Green Party/Plaid Werdd Cymru World Development Movement Jean Lambert MEP, Green Party Member of the European Parliament (London Region) UNITED STATES: 50 Years Is Enough: U.S. Network for Global Economic Amazon Watch Center for International Environmental Law Environmental Defense First Peoples Worldwide Friends of the Earth Global Response Institute for Policy Studies International Primate Protection League International Rivers Network Leavenworth Audubon Adopt-a-Forest Mangrove Action Project Native Forest Council Natural Resources Defense Council Oxfam America Pacific Environmental Resource Center Preamble Center Project Underground Rainforest Action Network Rainforest Foundation USA Rainforest Relief Rockefeller Brothers Fund Worldview, Ltd. Dennis V. Brutus, Professor Emeritus, University of Pittsburgh Terence Turner, Professor, Cornell University URUGUAY: Instituto del Tercer Mundo World Rainforest Movement ZIMBABWE: African Forum and Network on Debt and Development
Friends of the Earth (England, Wales and Northern Ireland)
